Thursday, July 16, 2009

Cushcraft A3S/A743

As mentioned before, I've been using a Cushcraft A3S for several years now. I purchased it back in 1989, had it up for about six years, in the basement for five, loaned out for a couple of years to W1YM, and then back up since 2001 at my QTH.

There's many things to admire about the A3S. It's quite rugged, having survived several freak Georgia ice storms, but it only weighs 25 lbs even with the 40m option. While it's one of the last tribanders designed without computer modelling, it has reasonable performance on a small boom of 14 feet. It's been a popular product both in home installtions and even for Field Day. I have one ham buddy who used to use one on a pneumatic mast mounted to his conversion van.

Here are some of the things that I have learned about the A3S and A743:
  • Tape the driven element insulator
A layer of electrical tape protects the driven element insulator from the Sun. There's not much of it exposed, but the sunlight will slowly break it down over time. Covered with tape, it will last forever. Use a sharp knife to open the U-bolt holes.
  • Tape the trap end caps
The plastic trap end caps won't last forever. After about 5-8 years in the Sun, they will split. Cushcraft also thinks quite a lot of them -- replacing all 24 end caps cost me almost $50 in 2000. Try to preserve them by placing a single layer of tape around the circumference of the cap where it goes over the trap tube. The flat ends don't tend to split, since they aren't under any tension.
  • Keep the trap holes down
While it is in the instruction manual, it's pretty easy to have an element section rotate and have one or more holes pointing anywhere but down. Leave them that way, and the traps will fill up with water quickly. Get the screw clamps on tight enough so the element sections don't rotate.
  • Mount traps the correct way
The traps are designed so that the end connected to the cover tube is closest to the boom. Make sure all of them are this way. If you are not sure which way they are, you can carefully slide an end cap off to check. Mark the trap tube with an arrow using a Sharpie so you can remember. If you put the trap on backwards, it may be hard to diagnose.
  • Use a balun
Cushcraft recommends making a balun by taking six loops of coax and taping them together. WA2SRQ wrote a posting to TowerTalk back in 1996 that showed that such a balun is much more effective when the turns are in a single layer and do not overlap or bunch. Six turns of coax on a 4 inch PVC form should work nicely. Ferrite beads a foot and a half long works well, too. I found a set of 10 of ferrite beads large enough to fit over RG-8 and wired them underneath the boom.
  • Twist the element support rope
With the A743 option, the driven element droops far too much, so Cushcraft includes a non-conductive support rope and support mast. The instructions show the support rope should have a twist right at the top of the support mast. The twist prevents the rope from sliding back and forth through the plastic grommet as the driven element moves in the wind. It will eventually break. Don't ask me how I know -- just remember to include the twist.
  • Element spacings
The A3S offers three choices of spacings along the elements, CW, MID and Phone. I took a tip from K7LXC. With the Cushcraft 40-2CD,
Steve recommends going half-way between the CW and MID settings.

The last time I had my A3S up, I used the Phone settings, and the SWR was very high at the bottom of the bands. So, I used values that were midway between CW and MID.

This results in a good compromise in covering the entire band. Here's the SWR curves through about 130 feet of RG-213.

Based on these graphs, I could probably shorten up the spacing between the 20m and 15m traps, and the 10m traps and the boom.

Regardless of the values you use, double check the measurements before putting the antenna up. When I first put up the A3S, the 10m director spacing was about six inches too short. You couldn' t tell from the SWR curves, but the antenna likely did not work as it should.

There may be better tribanders you can buy, but the Cushcraft A3S is a great performer. The A743 option adds 40m. At my QTH, this is my best 40m antenna, partly because it is mounted higher than anything else. Being able to rotate the pattern is often helpful in crowded contest conditions.

5 comments:

  1. Hi George, I just aquired two Cushcraft A3's. I tore both down the individual pieces and then dissambled all the traps to clean them up...suprisingly, the traps were 99% clean as new! Only one or two had a few spider gunk in them. What I did find interesting though is that traps TC and TB are virtually the same! The both have 31 turns of number 12 house size wire around a 5/8" diameter insulator that is 4" long. At first I thought that maybe someone put on the wrong traps but on the second A3 I found the same thing...basically there are really only two traps, one that has a cover 12 inches long and 31 turns for the coil, the other which has the same diameter wire only 18 turns and 11 inch trap cover.

    It was an interesting learning experience seeing how the antennas are made...VERY simple in design...nice and tough design for it's really small size compaired to my massive TH-6 Hy-gain antenna!

    73

    Lyndel, N7LT
    Kalispell, MT

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  2. Could you send me dimensions if I put the 40m kit on the driver

    tnx and I aappreciate your help

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  3. I wrote in the above article:
    "The A3S offers three choices of spacings along the elements, CW, MID and Phone. I took a tip from K7LXC. With the Cushcraft 40-2CD, Steve recommends going half-way between the CW and MID settings.

    The last time I had my A3S up, I used the Phone settings, and the SWR was very high at the bottom of the bands. So, I used values that were midway between CW and MID.

    This results in a good compromise in covering the entire band."

    --

    As I indicated above, I took the measurements between the CW and MID (later manuals call this Center) that are printed in the manual and averaged them to put the element directly in between. This sacrifices a little bit at the top end of the phone band to get better all-band coverage. I tend to hang lower in the phone bands anyway.

    Do you have a manual? You can get the manual by downloading it here:
    http://www.cushcraftamateur.com/support.php?productid=A-3S

    And for the A743:
    http://www.cushcraftamateur.com/support.php?productid=A-743

    Note that MFJ Enterprises bought out the Cushcraft line of amateur radio antennas from Laird Technologies, and that Cushcraft is now supported by MFJ.

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  4. I acquired a an A3 and the traps are all mixed up...am I missing the identifying numbers /engraving ? What is the best way to know which traps go where?

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  5. The Cushcraft A3S uses three types of traps:

    - TA (6) - 10m
    - TB (2) - 15m on director
    - TC (4) - 15m on reflector and DE

    Separating the TA traps is easy. The outer aluminum shell on the TA traps is about 11", but the TB and TC traps are about 12".

    Separating TB and TC traps is harder. I suggest using a gip meter. The TB traps will have a higher resonant frequency. Use some kind of fixture to hold the traps near the dip meter for consistency.

    Once you identify the traps, mark them with a sharpie!

    Good Luck!

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